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   生產和生活最常見的(de)(de)鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過化學反應(ying)儲藏(zang)起(qi)來，到另一個(ge)場(chang)合或另一時段使(shi)(shi)用。鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖然造價較(jiao)低，但(dan)也(ye)有(you)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)弱點(dian)(dian)，諸如(ru)能(neng)(neng)量轉換效率(lv)較(jiao)低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)反復充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)易(yi)老化導致使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)短、比能(neng)(neng)量（Wh/kg）和比功率(lv)（W/kg）小(xiao)使(shi)(shi)設備笨重、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)長(chang)等；現(xian)在我們在手機上使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，雖然也(ye)有(you)許(xu)多優(you)(you)點(dian)(dian)，但(dan)它(ta)價格昂貴(gui)且儲藏(zang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)有(you)限，不能(neng)(neng)在大功率(lv)場(chang)合下(xia)使(shi)(shi)用；所以正在開(kai)發研制的(de)(de)超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，相(xiang)比較(jiao)而言，就有(you)著一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無可(ke)(ke)比擬的(de)(de)優(you)(you)點(dian)(dian)，它(ta)的(de)(de)前景不可(ke)(ke)限量。

    結構

    超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的容(rong)量比(bi)通常的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)大得(de)多(duo)。由于(yu)其容(rong)量很大，對(dui)外表(biao)現和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池相同，因此也稱作“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池”或說(shuo)“黃(huang)金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池”。超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池也屬于(yu)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi),它是(shi)目前世界上已投入(ru)量產的雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)容(rong)量最大的一(yi)種,其基本原理和其它種類的雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)樣,都是(shi)利用活性炭多(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質組成的雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層結構獲得(de)超大的容(rong)量。

    傳統(tong)物理(li)電(dian)(dian)容中儲(chu)存的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)來源(yuan)于電(dian)(dian)荷在兩塊極板(ban)上的分離,兩塊極板(ban)之間(jian)為(wei)(wei)真空(相對介電(dian)(dian)常(chang)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)1)或(huo)一層介電(dian)(dian)物質(zhi)(zhi)(相對介電(dian)(dian)常(chang)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)ε)所隔離,電(dian)(dian)容值為(wei)(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為(wei)(wei)極板(ban)面(mian)積(ji)(ji),d為(wei)(wei)介質(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)度(du)。所儲(chu)存的能(neng)量為(wei)(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)容值,ΔV為(wei)(wei)極板(ban)間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)壓降.可見,若想獲得較大的電(dian)(dian)容量,儲(chu)存更多的能(neng)量,必須增大面(mian)積(ji)(ji)A或(huo)減少介質(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)度(du)d，但這(zhe)個伸縮空間(jian)有限，導致它的儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)量和儲(chu)能(neng)量較小。

    工(gong)作原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)中,采用(yong)活(huo)性炭材料制作成多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),同時在(zai)相(xiang)對的(de)(de)碳(tan)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye),當在(zai)兩(liang)端施(shi)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時,相(xiang)對的(de)(de)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上分別聚集正(zheng)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)中的(de)(de)正(zheng)負離(li)子將由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)作用(yong)分別聚集到與正(zheng)負極(ji)板(ban)相(xiang)對的(de)(de)界(jie)面上,從而(er)形(xing)成兩(liang)個(ge)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)當于兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)串(chuan)聯(lian),由于活(huo)性碳(tan)材料具有(you)≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)超高(gao)比(bi)(bi)表面積(即獲(huo)得了(le)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)面積A),而(er)且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)與多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間的(de)(de)界(jie)面距離(li)不到1nm(即獲(huo)得了(le)極(ji)小的(de)(de)介(jie)質(zhi)厚(hou)度d),根據前面的(de)(de)計算公式可(ke)以(yi)看出,這種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)比(bi)(bi)傳統的(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)值要大(da)很(hen)多,比(bi)(bi)容(rong)量可(ke)以(yi)提高(gao)100倍以(yi)上, 從而(er)使(shi)單位重量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量可(ke)達100F/g，并且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)內阻還(huan)能(neng)保(bao)持在(zai)很(hen)低(di)的(de)(de)水平(ping)，碳(tan)材料還(huan)具有(you)成本低(di)，技術成熟等優點。從而(er)使(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)進行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)儲能(neng)成為可(ke)能(neng)，且(qie)(qie)在(zai)實際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)時，可(ke)以(yi)通過串(chuan)聯(lian)或(huo)者并聯(lian)以(yi)提高(gao)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。